Windows Vista Vista BSOD: BugCheck D1, probably caused by storport.sys

Following the directions from this thread
http://www.windowsbbs.com/general-discussions/33471-dump-data-collection-tool-instructions.html

Opened log file 'c:debuglog.txt'

Microsoft (R) Windows Debugger Version 6.12.0002.633 X86
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.


Loading Dump File [C:\Windows\Minidump\Mini030211-01.dmp]
Mini Kernel Dump File: Only registers and stack trace are available

Symbol search path is: SRV*c:\symbols*http://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols
Executable search path is: C:\Windows;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows\system32\drivers
Windows Vista Kernel Version 6000 MP (2 procs) Free x86 compatible
Product: WinNt, suite: TerminalServer SingleUserTS Personal
Built by: 6000.17021.x86fre.vista_gdr.100218-0019
Machine Name:
Kernel base = 0x82000000 PsLoadedModuleList = 0x82111e10
Debug session time: Wed Mar 2 19:03:52.294 2011 (UTC - 6:00)
System Uptime: 0 days 0:10:05.070
Loading Kernel Symbols
...............................................................
................................................................
.....
Loading User Symbols
Loading unloaded module list
.....
*******************************************************************************
* *
* Bugcheck Analysis *
* *
*******************************************************************************

Use !analyze -v to get detailed debugging information.

BugCheck D1, {884bfa08, 2, 1, 8077a21f}

Probably caused by : storport.sys ( storport!RaidStartNextIoPacket+4f )

Followup: MachineOwner
---------

1: kd> !analyze -v;r;kv;lmtn;.logclose;q
*******************************************************************************
* *
* Bugcheck Analysis *
* *
*******************************************************************************

DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (d1)
An attempt was made to access a pageable (or completely invalid) address at an
interrupt request level (IRQL) that is too high. This is usually
caused by drivers using improper addresses.
If kernel debugger is available get stack backtrace.
Arguments:
Arg1: 884bfa08, memory referenced
Arg2: 00000002, IRQL
Arg3: 00000001, value 0 = read operation, 1 = write operation
Arg4: 8077a21f, address which referenced memory

Debugging Details:
------------------


WRITE_ADDRESS: GetPointerFromAddress: unable to read from 821315ac
Unable to read MiSystemVaType memory at 821117e0
884bfa08

CURRENT_IRQL: 2

FAULTING_IP:
storport!RaidStartNextIoPacket+4f
8077a21f 884108 mov byte ptr [ecx+8],al

CUSTOMER_CRASH_COUNT: 1

DEFAULT_BUCKET_ID: VISTA_DRIVER_FAULT

BUGCHECK_STR: 0xD1

PROCESS_NAME: firefox.exe

TRAP_FRAME: 8243deac -- (.trap 0xffffffff8243deac)
.trap 0xffffffff8243deac
ErrCode = 00000002
eax=00000094 ebx=986a3ce0 ecx=884bfa00 edx=183a00ff esi=848a8c50 edi=986a3d20
eip=8077a21f esp=8243df20 ebp=8243df40 iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz na po nc
cs=0008 ss=0010 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=0030 gs=0000 efl=00010282
storport!RaidStartNextIoPacket+0x4f:
8077a21f 884108 mov byte ptr [ecx+8],al ds:0023:884bfa08=??
.trap
Resetting default scope

LAST_CONTROL_TRANSFER: from 8077a21f to 8208fe14

STACK_TEXT:
8243deac 8077a21f badb0d00 183a00ff 8243ded4 nt!KiTrap0E+0x2ac
8243df40 8077a442 884bfa00 00000000 00000094 storport!RaidStartNextIoPacket+0x4f
8243df78 8077731f 00000000 8243dfe0 8243dff4 storport!RaidUnitCompleteRequest+0xdd
8243df88 820a94ae 83adf0a4 83adf030 00000000 storport!RaidpAdapterDpcRoutine+0x28
8243dff4 82090f5d 9f2bacf0 00000000 00000000 nt!KiRetireDpcList+0x147
8243dff8 9f2bacf0 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiDispatchInterrupt+0x3d
WARNING: Frame IP not in any known module. Following frames may be wrong.
82090f5d 00000000 0000001a 00c1850f bb830000 0x9f2bacf0


STACK_COMMAND: kb

FOLLOWUP_IP:
storport!RaidStartNextIoPacket+4f
8077a21f 884108 mov byte ptr [ecx+8],al

SYMBOL_STACK_INDEX: 1

SYMBOL_NAME: storport!RaidStartNextIoPacket+4f

FOLLOWUP_NAME: MachineOwner

MODULE_NAME: storport

IMAGE_NAME: storport.sys

DEBUG_FLR_IMAGE_TIMESTAMP: 4549b1a1

FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: 0xD1_storport!RaidStartNextIoPacket+4f

BUCKET_ID: 0xD1_storport!RaidStartNextIoPacket+4f

Followup: MachineOwner
---------

eax=8245113c ebx=00000002 ecx=000000d1 edx=8212943c esi=82451120 edi=884bfa08
eip=8208fe14 esp=8243de94 ebp=8243deac iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz na pe nc
cs=0008 ss=0010 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=0030 gs=0000 efl=00000286
nt!KiTrap0E+0x2ac:
8208fe14 833dc48d128200 cmp dword ptr [nt!KiFreezeFlag (82128dc4)],0 ds:0023:82128dc4=????????
ChildEBP RetAddr Args to Child
8243deac 8077a21f badb0d00 183a00ff 8243ded4 nt!KiTrap0E+0x2ac (FPO: [0,0] TrapFrame @ 8243deac)
8243df40 8077a442 884bfa00 00000000 00000094 storport!RaidStartNextIoPacket+0x4f (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
8243df78 8077731f 00000000 8243dfe0 8243dff4 storport!RaidUnitCompleteRequest+0xdd (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
8243df88 820a94ae 83adf0a4 83adf030 00000000 storport!RaidpAdapterDpcRoutine+0x28 (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
8243dff4 82090f5d 9f2bacf0 00000000 00000000 nt!KiRetireDpcList+0x147
8243dff8 9f2bacf0 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiDispatchInterrupt+0x3d (FPO: [Uses EBP] [0,0,1])
WARNING: Frame IP not in any known module. Following frames may be wrong.
82090f5d 00000000 0000001a 00c1850f bb830000 0x9f2bacf0
start end module name
80204000 8027f000 Wdf01000 Wdf01000.sys Wed Dec 05 20:21:28 2007 (47575CA8)
8027f000 802ba000 CLFS CLFS.SYS Wed Dec 05 19:55:42 2007 (4757569E)
802ba000 802c2000 BOOTVID BOOTVID.dll Thu Nov 02 04:39:29 2006 (4549BCD1)
802c2000 802cb000 PSHED PSHED.dll Thu Nov 02 04:42:51 2006 (4549BD9B)
80406000 80415000 partmgr partmgr.sys Thu Nov 02 03:51:47 2006 (4549B1A3)
80415000 8041d000 spldr spldr.sys Wed Oct 25 17:40:44 2006 (453FE7EC)
8041d000 8042b100 Lbd Lbd.sys Tue May 25 02:45:27 2010 (4BFB8017)
8042c000 8043c000 fileinfo fileinfo.sys Thu Nov 02 03:36:47 2006 (4549AE1F)
8043c000 80449000 nvstor nvstor.sys Sat Dec 23 10:07:25 2006 (458D543D)
80449000 80459000 mountmgr mountmgr.sys Thu Nov 02 03:51:06 2006 (4549B17A)
80459000 80468000 volmgr volmgr.sys Thu Nov 02 03:51:44 2006 (4549B1A0)
80468000 8048d000 pci pci.sys Thu Nov 02 03:35:13 2006 (4549ADC1)
8048d000 80495000 msisadrv msisadrv.sys Thu Nov 02 03:35:08 2006 (4549ADBC)
80495000 804c6000 fltmgr fltmgr.sys Thu Nov 02 03:30:58 2006 (4549ACC2)
804c6000 804cf000 WMILIB WMILIB.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:54:53 2006 (4549B25D)
804cf000 80512000 acpi acpi.sys Thu Aug 30 19:57:46 2007 (46D7678A)
80512000 8051f000 WDFLDR WDFLDR.SYS Wed Dec 05 20:21:19 2007 (47575C9F)
8051f000 80600000 CI CI.dll Mon Feb 18 22:59:14 2008 (47BA6222)
80601000 80610000 mup mup.sys Thu Nov 02 03:31:04 2006 (4549ACC8)
80610000 8063b000 msrpc msrpc.sys Thu Nov 02 03:50:16 2006 (4549B148)
8063b000 8073f000 ndis ndis.sys Thu Nov 02 03:57:33 2006 (4549B2FD)
8073f000 80776000 PCTCore PCTCore.sys Thu Nov 05 16:19:52 2009 (4AF34F88)
80776000 807b6000 storport storport.sys Thu Nov 02 03:51:45 2006 (4549B1A1)
807b6000 80800000 volmgrx volmgrx.sys Thu Nov 02 03:51:54 2006 (4549B1AA)
81e05000 81e0e000 crcdisk crcdisk.sys Thu Nov 02 03:52:27 2006 (4549B1CB)
81e0e000 81e1f000 disk disk.sys Thu Nov 02 03:51:40 2006 (4549B19C)
81e1f000 81e55000 volsnap volsnap.sys Thu Oct 25 21:04:17 2007 (47214B21)
81e55000 81ebf000 ksecdd ksecdd.sys Mon Jun 15 08:10:14 2009 (4A364836)
81ebf000 81fc7000 Ntfs Ntfs.sys Sun Dec 16 03:31:37 2007 (4764F079)
81fc7000 82000000 NETIO NETIO.SYS Fri Aug 14 09:24:15 2009 (4A85738F)
82000000 823a1000 nt ntkrpamp.exe Thu Feb 18 05:34:33 2010 (4B7D25C9)
823a1000 823d5000 hal halmacpi.dll Tue Dec 19 21:31:08 2006 (4588AE7C)
82412000 82421000 amdk8 amdk8.sys Thu Nov 02 03:30:18 2006 (4549AC9A)
825ba000 825db000 CLASSPNP CLASSPNP.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:51:34 2006 (4549B196)
825db000 82600000 ecache ecache.sys Thu Nov 02 03:52:42 2006 (4549B1DA)
8266b000 8266c700 USBD USBD.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:55:00 2006 (4549B264)
8266d000 8266e380 swenum swenum.sys Thu Nov 02 03:51:15 2006 (4549B183)
82724000 8272c000 mouhid mouhid.sys Wed Dec 05 20:18:25 2007 (47575BF1)
8272c000 82734000 rdpencdd rdpencdd.sys Thu Nov 02 04:02:01 2006 (4549B409)
82794000 8279c000 RDPCDD RDPCDD.sys Thu Nov 02 04:02:01 2006 (4549B409)
827f0000 827ff280 ohci1394 ohci1394.sys Thu Nov 02 03:55:16 2006 (4549B274)
847c0000 847c8000 kdcom kdcom.dll Thu Nov 02 04:42:20 2006 (4549BD7C)
88401000 88412000 bcm4sbxp bcm4sbxp.sys Wed Jun 14 16:02:02 2006 (4490794A)
88412000 88420000 usbehci usbehci.sys Thu Nov 02 03:55:04 2006 (4549B268)
88420000 8842a000 usbohci usbohci.sys Thu Nov 02 03:55:05 2006 (4549B269)
8842a000 88437000 watchdog watchdog.sys Thu Nov 02 03:37:44 2006 (4549AE58)
8843d000 88448000 tunnel tunnel.sys Thu Feb 18 06:04:38 2010 (4B7D2CD6)
88448000 88455000 crashdmp crashdmp.sys Thu Nov 02 03:51:36 2006 (4549B198)
88455000 8845f000 dump_diskdump dump_diskdump.sys Thu Nov 02 03:51:36 2006 (4549B198)
8847d000 8847f700 GEARAspiWDM GEARAspiWDM.sys Tue Apr 08 14:15:38 2008 (47FBC45A)
8848f000 8849c000 dump_nvstor dump_nvstor.sys Sat Dec 23 10:07:25 2006 (458D543D)
8852c000 8853c000 NDProxy NDProxy.SYS Tue Jul 03 20:28:13 2007 (468AF7AD)
8853c000 8854c000 HIDCLASS HIDCLASS.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:55:00 2006 (4549B264)
885bc000 885cc000 lltdio lltdio.sys Thu Nov 02 03:56:48 2006 (4549B2D0)
89400000 8940d080 1394BUS 1394BUS.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:55:12 2006 (4549B270)
8942a000 89431000 Null Null.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:51:05 2006 (4549B179)
89431000 89438000 Beep Beep.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:51:03 2006 (4549B177)
89438000 8943e380 HIDPARSE HIDPARSE.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:55:00 2006 (4549B264)
8947e000 89496000 cdrom cdrom.sys Thu Nov 02 03:51:44 2006 (4549B1A0)
89496000 894d3000 USBPORT USBPORT.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:55:09 2006 (4549B26D)
894d3000 89570000 dxgkrnl dxgkrnl.sys Mon Jul 02 20:01:10 2007 (46899FD6)
89570000 89579000 tunmp tunmp.sys Thu Feb 18 06:04:29 2010 (4B7D2CCD)
89594000 8959d000 Fs_Rec Fs_Rec.SYS Mon Apr 16 20:26:39 2007 (4624224F)
895a6000 895af000 rasacd rasacd.sys Thu Nov 02 03:58:13 2006 (4549B325)
895af000 895b8000 hidusb hidusb.sys Thu Nov 02 03:55:01 2006 (4549B265)
895b8000 895c1000 kbdhid kbdhid.sys Wed Dec 05 20:18:26 2007 (47575BF2)
895c1000 895ca000 usb8023 usb8023.sys Thu Nov 02 03:57:48 2006 (4549B30C)
89601000 8960d000 vga vga.sys Thu Nov 02 03:53:56 2006 (4549B224)
8960d000 89632000 drmk drmk.sys Thu Nov 02 04:20:49 2006 (4549B871)
89632000 8965f000 portcls portcls.sys Thu Nov 02 03:55:02 2006 (4549B266)
8965f000 8969e000 HdAudio HdAudio.sys Wed Nov 01 20:43:11 2006 (45494D2F)
897c4000 897f8000 usbhub usbhub.sys Thu Nov 02 03:55:20 2006 (4549B278)
89808000 89833000 msiscsi msiscsi.sys Thu Nov 02 03:52:40 2006 (4549B1D8)
89833000 89845000 HDAudBus HDAudBus.sys Sat Mar 24 13:54:34 2007 (460573EA)
89845000 89852000 modem modem.sys Thu Nov 02 03:58:52 2006 (4549B34C)
89852000 89956000 VSTDPV3 VSTDPV3.SYS Tue Jun 20 12:41:01 2006 (4498332D)
89956000 89980000 ks ks.sys Thu Nov 02 03:51:18 2006 (4549B186)
89980000 899c8000 VSTBS23 VSTBS23.SYS Tue Jun 20 12:39:54 2006 (449832EA)
899c8000 89dffba0 nvlddmkm nvlddmkm.sys Thu Oct 12 11:10:18 2006 (452E68EA)
89e05000 89e13000 Npfs Npfs.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:30:57 2006 (4549ACC1)
89e13000 89e1e000 Msfs Msfs.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:30:56 2006 (4549ACC0)
89e1e000 89e3f000 VIDEOPRT VIDEOPRT.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:54:07 2006 (4549B22F)
89e3f000 89e49000 mssmbios mssmbios.sys Thu Nov 02 03:35:13 2006 (4549ADC1)
89e49000 89e54000 mouclass mouclass.sys Wed Dec 05 20:18:22 2007 (47575BEE)
89e54000 89e5f000 kbdclass kbdclass.sys Wed Dec 05 20:18:23 2007 (47575BEF)
89e5f000 89e6e000 termdd termdd.sys Thu Nov 02 04:02:00 2006 (4549B408)
89e6e000 89e7b000 umbus umbus.sys Thu Nov 02 03:55:24 2006 (4549B27C)
89e7b000 89e8e000 raspptp raspptp.sys Thu Nov 02 03:58:14 2006 (4549B326)
89e8e000 89e9d000 raspppoe raspppoe.sys Thu Nov 02 03:58:12 2006 (4549B324)
89e9d000 89ec0000 ndiswan ndiswan.sys Thu Nov 02 03:58:13 2006 (4549B325)
89ec0000 89ecb000 ndistapi ndistapi.sys Tue Jul 03 20:28:09 2007 (468AF7A9)
89ecb000 89ee2000 rasl2tp rasl2tp.sys Thu Nov 02 03:58:13 2006 (4549B325)
89ee2000 89eed000 TDI TDI.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:58:46 2006 (4549B346)
89eed000 89fa0000 VSTCNXT3 VSTCNXT3.SYS Tue Jun 20 12:39:37 2006 (449832D9)
8a005000 8a00f000 nsiproxy nsiproxy.sys Thu Nov 02 03:57:30 2006 (4549B2FA)
8a00f000 8a01d000 netbios netbios.sys Thu Nov 02 03:57:26 2006 (4549B2F6)
8a01d000 8a02a000 RNDISMP RNDISMP.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:57:47 2006 (4549B30B)
8a03a000 8a050000 pacer pacer.sys Tue Jul 03 20:27:33 2007 (468AF785)
8a050000 8a082000 netbt netbt.sys Thu Nov 02 03:57:18 2006 (4549B2EE)
8a082000 8a0c9000 afd afd.sys Thu Nov 02 03:58:41 2006 (4549B341)
8a0c9000 8a0dd000 smb smb.sys Thu Nov 02 03:57:10 2006 (4549B2E6)
8a0dd000 8a0f2000 tdx tdx.sys Thu Nov 02 03:57:34 2006 (4549B2FE)
8a0f2000 8a10b000 fwpkclnt fwpkclnt.sys Thu Nov 02 03:57:26 2006 (4549B2F6)
8a10b000 8a1e0000 tcpip tcpip.sys Thu Feb 18 06:05:31 2010 (4B7D2D0B)
8a438000 8a460000 fastfat fastfat.SYS Thu Nov 02 03:30:49 2006 (4549ACB9)
8a474000 8a47e000 Dxapi Dxapi.sys Thu Nov 02 03:38:17 2006 (4549AE79)
8a47e000 8a488000 ndisuio ndisuio.sys Thu Nov 02 03:57:22 2006 (4549B2F2)
8a492000 8a49c000 secdrv secdrv.SYS Wed Sep 13 08:18:32 2006 (45080528)
8a500000 8a53b000 udfs udfs.sys Thu Nov 02 03:30:57 2006 (4549ACC1)
8a59b000 8a5b2000 dfsc dfsc.sys Thu Nov 02 03:31:04 2006 (4549ACC8)
8a5b2000 8a5ed000 rdbss rdbss.sys Thu Nov 02 03:31:24 2006 (4549ACDC)
8a5ed000 8a600000 wanarp wanarp.sys Tue Jul 03 20:28:16 2007 (468AF7B0)
94400000 94600000 win32k win32k.sys Fri Aug 14 09:01:22 2009 (4A856E32)
972eb000 972fe000 rspndr rspndr.sys Thu Nov 02 03:56:48 2006 (4549B2D0)
973bb000 973ca000 monitor monitor.sys Sun Dec 16 03:56:44 2007 (4764F65C)
97400000 97409000 TSDDD TSDDD.dll unavailable (00000000)
97410000 9741e000 cdd cdd.dll Mon Jul 02 21:08:39 2007 (4689AFA7)
97aaa000 97ac5000 luafv luafv.sys Thu Nov 02 03:33:07 2006 (4549AD43)
97b4a000 97b60000 cdfs cdfs.sys Thu Nov 02 03:30:50 2006 (4549ACBA)
98e25000 98e50000 nwifi nwifi.sys Fri Jan 18 21:06:33 2008 (47916939)
9c25e000 9c279000 srvnet srvnet.sys Fri Dec 11 06:15:29 2009 (4B2237E1)
9c279000 9c2e2000 HTTP HTTP.sys Sat Feb 20 15:30:14 2010 (4B805466)
9c372000 9c400000 spsys spsys.sys Wed Oct 25 17:43:28 2006 (453FE890)
9de15000 9de66000 srv srv.sys Fri Dec 11 06:15:47 2009 (4B2237F3)
9de66000 9de8a000 srv2 srv2.sys Mon Sep 14 04:50:53 2009 (4AAE11FD)
9de8a000 9de9c000 mrxsmb20 mrxsmb20.sys Tue Feb 23 07:14:41 2010 (4B83D4C1)
9de9c000 9ded5000 mrxsmb10 mrxsmb10.sys Tue Feb 23 07:14:49 2010 (4B83D4C9)
9df15000 9df33000 mrxsmb mrxsmb.sys Tue Feb 23 07:14:40 2010 (4B83D4C0)
9df33000 9df53000 mrxdav mrxdav.sys Fri Jan 11 19:45:54 2008 (47881BD2)
9df53000 9df67000 mpsdrv mpsdrv.sys Wed Jun 06 21:55:55 2007 (466773BB)
9df67000 9df80000 bowser bowser.sys Thu Nov 02 03:31:11 2006 (4549ACCF)
9eb10000 9eb1b000 tcpipreg tcpipreg.sys Thu Nov 02 03:57:46 2006 (4549B30A)
9f322000 9f400000 peauth peauth.sys Mon Oct 23 03:55:32 2006 (453C8384)

Unloaded modules:
8279c000 827a4000 drmkaud.sys
Timestamp: unavailable (00000000)
Checksum: 00000000
ImageSize: 00008000
8848f000 8849c000 crashdmp.sys
Timestamp: unavailable (00000000)
Checksum: 00000000
ImageSize: 0000D000
88455000 8845f000 dump_storpor
Timestamp: unavailable (00000000)
Checksum: 00000000
ImageSize: 0000A000
88448000 88455000 dump_nvstor.
Timestamp: unavailable (00000000)
Checksum: 00000000
ImageSize: 0000D000
8959d000 895a6000 kbdhid.sys
Timestamp: unavailable (00000000)
Checksum: 00000000
ImageSize: 00009000
Closing open log file c:debuglog.txt

 

How many times has the blue screen happened? You need to be sure it is not a one-off occurrence.

This seems appropriate
"0x000000BE" Stop error message when you use the Storport.sys driver to manage some storage devices in Windows Server 2008 or in Windows Vista. It covers 0x000000D1 as well.

What sort of storage devices do you have attached?

Matt

 

This has happened a plethora of times, I thought that I would just deal with it and leave the problem as it is, but it's getting out of hand now. Sometimes (If I'm lucky) my computer won't crash at all, but it averages 3 times a day. Storage devices? Could you elaborate on that, because I don't think I have any.

 

I don't have any devices on there, but I have noticed that whenever I try to run my AVG antivirus my computer crashes towards the end of the scan being finished. Also, there is a java game that I play that sometimes lags. It tends to crash when I try to play it because it is so slow, but my computer used to be able to handle it.

 

You need to put your system details in your WindowsBBS user profile
http://www.windowsbbs.com/adding_system_specifications.html
so that we can relate the problem to your computer specifications.

If you go to Start (orb) -> Computer, it will show your drives. You should have a drive C:, that is probably the main/Windows drive. You probably have a D: drive that is most likely your CD/DVD drive. Are there any other drives listed? Something that I might suspect(?) is say, a printer that has a card reader (like SD cards from a camera).

You have only posted one dump log. You need to check other logs and find repetitive listings.

Open other dump files, check these sections

and

is there any pattern/repetition for storport.sys or firefox.exe in those listings?

Another check might be to see if they are all

(d1) is a 0x000000D1 STOP error.

Matt
Note that I am not any kind of an expert in reading dump files, just my experience

 

I have an OS C drive, Recovery D drive, DVD Drive E, and a DVD RW Drive F. Oh I have like 6 dump logs lol I'll post them up. Also the "DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (d1)" message that you posted is one that I've seen a few times on the blue screen once my computer crashes. Although, I think it has said other things as well.